EXPLORING PARENTS’ EXPERIENCES AND CHALLENGES IN MANAGING AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD) IN CHILDREN: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by a multifaceted interplay of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. Despite ongoing research, the etiology of ASD remains not fully understood. A review of existing literature indicates that environmental interactions, including exposure to toxins and air pollutants, may play a significant role in the onset of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The frequency of ASD has been increasing, globally one in 127 people have autism in 2021, and now It is estimated that worldwide about 1 in 100 children have autism. For Pakistan, research on autism is on early developmental stage and so far, no reliable statistics available on the prevalence of ASD in Pakistan. The current study adopted qualitative approach. To conduct the interview, total of 14 participants (7 parents) was carefully chosen based on predetermined criteria. The age of parents ranges from 32-47 years. All respondents belong to different localities, four parents belong to Rawalpindi and Islamabad, two belong to AJK and one belongs to Gujrat, Pakistan. According to research, difficulty in social interaction, attention challenges, and aggression are the most common problems that children with autism. The state and health departments should create community-based awareness programs that are exclusively focused on genetic health and ensure sensitive genetic counselling for society and involve community influencers, educators, and religious leaders in communication strategies. Sustainable ASD policy requires a whole-family approach that integrates health, social protection, and inclusion strategies.