DYNAMIC STABILITY ENHANCEMENT IN SMIB POWER SYSTEMS USING STATIC OUTPUT FEEDBACK OBSERVER DESIGN

Abstract

The power system is inherently a complex and nonlinear multi-input multi-output (MIMO) structure, highly susceptible to low-frequency oscillations due to dynamic disturbances and load variations. Traditional Power System Stabilizers (PSS), particularly those based on Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control, often face challenges such as difficulty in parameter tuning, limited adaptability, and computational complexity. This paper presents a Static Output Feedback (SOF)-based observer design as a simplified yet robust alternative for damping electromechanical oscillations in a Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) power system. By incorporating state observation techniques, the proposed SOF controller enables effective eigenvalue placement, improving system dynamic performance with reduced computational overhead. A comparative analysis is conducted between PID-based and SOF-based PSS through MATLAB/Simulink simulations. Results demonstrate that the SOF-based stabilizer offers faster settling time, enhanced damping characteristics, and superior stability under varying operating conditions. The proposed method proves to be a computationally efficient and practically viable solution for modern power system control applications.