EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN BRUCELLOSIS IN ANIMAL EXPOSED INDIVIDUALS IN DISTRICTS DIR (DIR UPPER AND DIR LOWER), KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN

Abstract

Background: Brucellosis, a zoonotic contagious disease caused by the bacterium of the genus Brucella, is a significant public health concern. The infection can cause damage to various organs and systems in the body, both in acute and chronic phases. Understanding the disease's epidemiology and risk factors is crucial for control and prevention. Therefore, this study aims to provide insights into the recent infection status and risk factors for brucellosis in Districts Dir of KP-Pakistan.

Methods: This study sample includes 261 individuals exposed to animals in domestic rearing or farms; the study period was from February 2021 to August 2021.  Blood samples were collected by a trained person, and a pre-designed questionnaire was used to collect demographic information. The blood samples were subjected to ELISA(IgM), and statistical software STATA (Version-14) was used for data analysis.

Results: The result indicated an overall seroprevalence of 36.40% in District Dir, higher in Dir Lower (39.62%) than in Dir Upper (34.10%). The disease was more prevalent in women (39.05%) than in men (31.52%). Individuals with higher age (age ≥ 41, 51.35%), being illiterate (47.9%), and farm workers (53.33%) had the highest prevalence of the disease (P< 0.05). 

Conclusion: This preliminary study has revealed an alarming prevalence of Brucellosis among District Dir people involved in domestic animal rearing and farm workers. To mitigate the spread and impact of this disease, urgent and comprehensive measures are needed. These measures should include vaccination, public awareness and the use of protective equipment when handling animals and their products.