NEW RECORD OF NEOEHRLICHIA MIKURENSIS AND CANDIDATUS NEOEHRLICHIA SP NEW EMERGING THREAT OF ZOONOTIC TICK-BORNE PATHOGEN IN PAKISTAN

Abstract

Ticks serve as critical vectors of zoonotic pathogens, significantly impacting public health and livestock productivity worldwide. This study explored tick infestation and the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in livestock from four regions of Pakistan: Bajaur, Khyber, Orakzai, and North Waziristan. Out of 635 examined animals (cattle, goats, and sheep), 384 (60.47%) were infested, yielding 588 ticks. Rhipicephalusmicroplus (32.3%) emerged as the predominant species, accompanied by various Hyalomma and Haemaphysalis species. For the first time in Pakistan, Neoehrlichiamikurensis(13.68%) and CandidatusNeoehrlichia sp. (6.41%) were detected, marking their emergence as significant zoonotic pathogens in the region. These findings underscore their potential threat to public health and livestock, necessitating immediate attention. Seasonal dynamics revealed peak tick activity from June to August, emphasizing the importance of seasonal surveillance and targeted control measures. This research highlights the intricate ecology of ticks as vectors and their pivotal role in disseminating emerging pathogens. Adopting the One Health approach, the study advocates for integrated epidemiological surveillance, advanced molecular diagnostics, and public awareness campaigns to mitigate the risks posed by tick-borne diseases. These findings provide crucial insights into the dual threat ticks pose to human and veterinary health in Pakistan and call for urgent action to curb their impact.