CRISPR/CAS GENOME EDITING TO ENHANCE RESISTANCE LEADING TO ENHANCED PRODUCTIVITY IN CROPS

Abstract

CRISPR/Cas genome editing has revolutionized agricultural biotechnology by providing a precise, efficient, and cost-effective method for enhancing crop resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. This technology enables targeted modifications in plant genomes, improving traits such as disease resistance, drought tolerance, and nutrient efficiency, ultimately leading to enhanced crop productivity. By knocking out susceptibility genes or introducing resistance-related genes, CRISPR/Cas facilitates the development of crops that can withstand pathogens, pests, and environmental challenges. One of the significant applications of CRISPR/Cas in agriculture is its role in combating plant pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. By targeting genes associated with host susceptibility, scientists have successfully engineered resistance against devastating diseases such as bacterial blight in rice and powdery mildew in wheat. Additionally, CRISPR/Cas has been employed to enhance tolerance to abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, and extreme temperatures, which are major constraints on global food security. Furthermore, genome editing can optimize nutrient use efficiency in crops, reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers and promoting sustainable agriculture. The precision of CRISPR/Cas minimizes unintended genetic modifications, ensuring the safety and stability of edited crops. However, regulatory challenges and ethical concerns regarding genome-edited crops remain a subject of debate.Overall, CRISPR/Cas technology presents a promising avenue for developing resilient, high-yielding crop varieties, addressing global food security challenges while promoting environmental sustainability. Continued research and policy advancements will be crucial in harnessing its full potential for future agricultural innovations.