DETECTION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA FROM HOSPITALS’ SEWAGE IN SOKOTO METROPOLIS

Abdulkadir  Umar; Marwana Magaji; Amina Muhammad; Adamu Almustapha Aliero

doi:10.71146/kjmr587

DETECTION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA FROM HOSPITALS’ SEWAGE IN SOKOTO METROPOLIS

Authors

Abdulkadir Umar Sultan Abdulrahman College of Health Technology Gwadabawa Author
Marwana Magaji Sultan Abdulrahman College of Health Technology Gwadabawa Author https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9104-0826
Amina Muhammad Kebbi State University of Science and Technology Aliero Author
Adamu Almustapha Aliero Kebbi State University of Science and Technology Aliero Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71146/kjmr587

Keywords:

Sokoto, Hospital, Molecular, Gram-negative, Bacteria

Abstract

Resistance to antibiotics is a global threat., increasingly linked to environmental dissemination through hospital sewage. This study assessed the prevalence and multidrug resistance patterns of Gram-negative bacteria in hospital sewage in Sokoto Metropolis, Northern Nigeria. From 100 samples collected across 10 hospitals, 216 Gram-negative isolates were identified, including Escherichia coli (28.24%), Klebsiella spp. (18.98%), Salmonella spp (15.74%), Pseudomonas spp (14.35%), Shigella spp (13.42%), and Proteus spp (9.26%). All isolates exhibited multidrug resistance, with Proteus spp. showing the highest resistance (75%) and a Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index ranging from 0.3 to 0.75. Ceftazidime and cefuroxime had the highest resistance rates (100%), while ofloxacin showed 100% sensitivity across all isolated species. The consistent resistance patterns suggest common resistance genes, indicating the role of hospital sewage in spreading antibiotic resistance.

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Author Biographies

Abdulkadir Umar, Sultan Abdulrahman College of Health Technology Gwadabawa

Department of Medical laboratory technician
Amina Muhammad , Kebbi State University of Science and Technology Aliero

Department of Microbiology kebbi state university of science and technology Aliero

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Published

2025-08-29

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 08 (2025): Aug 2025

Section

Natural Sciences

License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

DETECTION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA FROM HOSPITALS’ SEWAGE IN SOKOTO METROPOLIS. (2025). Kashf Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(08), 115-127. https://doi.org/10.71146/kjmr587