SONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF FETALRENAL ARTERY IN OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS AND POLYHYDRAMNIOS IN 3RD TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY

Abstract

Background

Another source of information is fetal renal artery Doppler, which is relevant to explain fetal renal artery perfusion and its relation with the amniotic fluid volume during the third trimester. Some of the common complications are the abnormalities of the amniotic fluid including oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios which could be indicators of inefficient functioning of the kidney or placental functions. Indices of renal artery like Resistive Index, Pulsatility Index can be adopted to determine the change in fetal hemodynamics and the possible risk to fetal health.

Objective

To investigate sonographic assessment of fetal renal artery in oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios in 3rd trimester of pregnancy.

Methodology

The present descriptive cross-sectional research study was carried out in Ali Hospital, Illahabad, District Kasur, and a period of four months. Sixty two third trimester pregnant women were utilized where 30 had oligohydramnios (AFI 5 cm or less) and 32 polyhydramnios  (AFI 25 cm or more). The ultrasound probe that was used was Toshiba 300X curvilinear probe and frequency 2-9 MHz and fetal renal artery Doppler index (RI, PI, ratio of S/D) had been documented. Analysis of data was performed with the help of SPSS 25 and descriptive statistics and cross tabulations were implemented.

Results

This study utilized 62 (30 = 48.4) pregnant women in the 3 rd trimester; 30 (48.4) possessing oligohydramnios (AFI 0 to 5 cm) and 32 (51.6) possessing polyhydramnios (AFI 25 to 99 cm) AFI.  The average age of the mothers was 29.33 years with SD of 6.43 and the average gestation was 33.81 and SD of 3.39 weeks. The average fetal weight was 2726.94 /738.32. The Biparietal Diameter of the head (Mean), Circumference of Head, Circumference of the Abdomen and Femur Length were compatible with the gestational age. Both RI and PI valves were more elevated in Oligohydramnios group than in polyhydramnios group and this is indicated by, the increased renal vascular resistance and decreased value of renal perfusion respectively.

Conclusion

In the third trimester of pregnancy, the amniotic fluid is linked to the fetal renal artery sonography which is a good predictor of the fetal renal perfusion. High resistance indices in renal artery have been linked to oligohydramnios that is an indicator of poor blood circulation to the kidney and low urine volumes. Polyhydramnios is also associated with low resistance indices that indicates high renal perfusion and renal output of urine. Therefore, the fetal renal artery Doppler is an inexpensive, non-invasive and practical routine of assessing renal functioning, existence of maladjusted fetuses, and enhancing obstetric intervention in the circumstance of anomalies in the amniotic fluid.