PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS AND THEIR TYPES

Abstract

Perovskite photovoltaic compartments have garnered momentous consideration in photovoltaics owing to their easy manufacturing process and high efficiency. The optoelectronic properties of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), made from halide and diverse-halide materials, are exceptional. Perovskite structures exhibit remarkable stability despite a wide band gap and minimal charge transfer. Some advantages of perovskite solar cells are; high efficiency, low cost, rapid manufacturing, flexibility, energy payback time, sustainability, etc. To address these challenges, multidimensional perovskite materials are utilized to achieve long-term stability and good performance. Recent advancements in low-temperature synthesis methods and improved contact and electrode components have resulted in PSCs surpassing an efficiency of 25%. Perovskites' characteristics can also be enhanced by altering their elemental makeup. The light-harvesting perovskite material, the electron-transporting layer (ETL), the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) film, the hole-transporting layer (HTL), and the metal contact material. The most fantastic and popular perovskite material for sunny collecting at the moment is MAPbI₃. Compared to the conventional MAPbI₃ perovskite, additional perovskite substances, for example, assorted halide-assorted cation, hybrid cation, and hybrid halide, are drawing more interest. This paper mainly discussed metal-based PSCs, non-metal-based PSCs, and polymer-based PSCs. Moreover, there has been a significant focus on the constancy and production concerns that boundary the commercialization and modularization of perovskite solar cubicles.