Kashf Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
type: channel
description: The Kashf Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, published by the Kashf Institute of Development & Studies, is an HEC-recognized multidisciplinary journal. It serves as a platform for scholarly exploration across various disciplines, accepting research papers that undergo a rigorous peer-review process. KJMR is a platform for scholarly exploration across various disciplines. It accepts research papers that undergo a rigorous peer-review process and publishes findings relevant to academics, policymakers, and practitioners. This journal encourages cross-pollination of ideas between different fields, potentially impacting areas like social sciences, humanities, natural sciences, and engineering. Overall, it contributes to advancing knowledge, informing practice, and stimulating innovation across a broad spectrum of disciplines. e-ISSN: 3007-200X p-ISSN: 3007-1992
publisher: KASHF INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT & STUDIES
language: en
publication name: Kashf Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
issn: 3007-1992
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items: HYBRID IDENTITIES AS POLITICAL RESISTANCE: DECONSTRUCTING EAST–WEST DICHOTOMIES
items: THE FUNCTIONAL REDUNDANCY OF THE LETTER X IN ENGLISH ORTHOGRAPHY
items: IN SILICO IDENTIFICATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL INHIBITORS TARGETING MMP-9 AND IL-18 IN TAKAYASU ARTERITIS
items: DYNAMIC SUPER FRAME ADJUSTMENT FOR DELAY MITIGATION IN IEEE 802.15.4 CLUSTER-TREE WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
items: RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN POTABLE WATER OF COASTAL AREA OF TALUKA JATI, SINDH, PAKISTAN
items: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEMS ACROSS DATASET FAMILIES
items: AUTOMATED CORN LEAF DISEASE DETECTION USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS
items: ASSOCIATION OF PES PLANUS WITH GENU VALGUM IN THE ADULT POPULATION OF KARACHI
items: DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A HIGH-EFFICIENCY ELECTRIC SCOOTER FOR URBAN MOBILITY
items: NOVEL APPROACH FOR FAULT DIAGNOSIS OF HIGH-SPEED TRAIN BEARINGS USING TRANSFORMER MODELS OPTIMIZED BY AQUILA OPTIMIZER AND LIGHT GRADIENT BOOSTING MACHINE
items: GENETIC VARIATION IN INNATE IMMUNE GENES SHAPES GUT MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION AND HOST-MICROBE INTERACTIONS: A REVIEW
items: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL THIAZOLE-SUBSTITUTED COUMARIN DERIVATIVES: EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES
items: ADVANCING SOFTWARE ENGINEERING THROUGH SCENARIO-BASED REQUIREMENTS VALIDATION: A METRICS-DRIVEN APPROACH
items: EFFECTIVENESS OF ILIOTIBIAL BAND STRETCHING VERSUS MYOFASCIAL RELEASE TECHNIQUE ON KNEE PAIN, PHYSICAL FUNCTION, AND QUALITY OF MOVEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH LATERAL PATELLAR TRACKING DISORDER
items: ADVANCED HYBRID ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS INTEGRATING BATTERIES, SUPERCAPACITORS, AND PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE POWER CONVERSION AND EFFICIENCY OPTIMIZATION
items: UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF JOB CRAFTING: INSIGHTS FROM HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
items: BEYOND GRADES: THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON ACADEMIC WRITING AND STUDENT ENGAGEMENT IN UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES AT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN BAHAWALPUR
items: SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION IN RELATION TO THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND ENVOIRONMENT
items: POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (PUFAS) AND DEPRESSION IN ADOLESCENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN SOKOTO, NIGERIA
items: AN AHP-BASED MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION-SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SUSTAINABLE CIVIL ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS: DEVELOPMENT AND CASE STUDIES
items: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A FRIEND OR THREAT TO RADIOGRAPHERS?
items: INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF FOLIAR BORON AND FARMYARD MANURE ON GROWTH, YIELD, AND OIL CONTENT OF SUNFLOWER.
items: Hope vs. Defiance: A Comparative Corpus Analysis of Emotional Lexis in MLK’s I Have a Dream and Churchill’s We Shall Fight on the Beaches
items: Managing User Stress Associated with Social Networking Location Disclosure: A Proposed Framework.
items: COMPREHENSIVE DETECTION OF MULTI-TYPE WRIST FRACTURES USING IMPROVED YOLOv8 MODEL
items: ESTIMATION OF GENETIC VARIABILITY OF SEED TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT
items: INVESTIGATING CIRCULAR ECONOMY BARRIERS IN NOWSHERA’S MARBLE FACTORIES
items: COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF TURBULENT FLOW PHENOMENA IN BAFFLED RECTANGULAR CHANNELS: SINGLE VS. DOUBLE STEP CONFIGURATIONS
items: ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF CORAL REEF DEGRADATION
items: MENTAL WELLNESS IN THE POST-COVID ERA: CHALLENGES FACED BY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN KARACHI

HYBRID IDENTITIES AS POLITICAL RESISTANCE: DECONSTRUCTING EAST–WEST DICHOTOMIES
type: item
description: Hybrid identities have emerged as a powerful form of political resistance in postcolonial societies, challenging rigid East–West binaries that have historically structured global power relations. Drawing on postcolonial theory, cultural studies, and South Asian intellectual traditions, this article examines hybridity as a dynamic process through which marginalized subjects negotiate, reinterpret, and subvert dominant cultural narratives. Focusing on the Pakistani context, the study argues that hybrid identities do not signify cultural loss or confusion but instead represent strategic forms of agency that contest colonial epistemologies and nationalist essentialism. By deconstructing East–West dichotomies, hybrid subjectivities create alternative spaces of belonging that disrupt hegemonic representations of culture, modernity, and tradition. The article demonstrates how hybridity operates across literature, language, politics, and everyday practices, functioning as both a site of tension and a resource for resistance. Ultimately, the study reframes hybridity as a critical tool for understanding contemporary political struggles in an increasingly interconnected yet unequal world.
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Hybrid identity
  topic: keywords
subject: Political resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: Postcolonial theory
  topic: keywords
subject: East–West dichotomy
  topic: keywords
subject: Cultural hybridity
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
subject: Identity politics
  topic: keywords
subject: Global modernity
  topic: keywords
creator: Gulraiz Falak
creator: Muhammad Rizwan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Gulraiz Falak, Muhammad Rizwan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
starting page: 11
ending page: 22
doi: 10.71146/kjmr821

THE FUNCTIONAL REDUNDANCY OF THE LETTER X IN ENGLISH ORTHOGRAPHY
type: item
description: The letter \"X\" is examined linguistically as part of a functional analysis of the English writing system. Its absence, or presence, as a functionally contributive letter of the English writing system, and its rarity as a letter of the English language are examined through X's frequency, and through the analyses of the phonology, morphology and etymology. Phonological and corrosion analyses validate X's consonant cluster no unique shorthand for the English language's /ks/, /gz/ and /z/ sounds. X is morphologically inoperative, and its presence is more significant to the English system's Greek and Latin derived vocabulary. X is paradoxically and historically preserved in the English language alphabet due more its title as an English language letter, than as an English language functionally usable letter. Its primary preserved title in the English language is functionally preserved as a letter in a title, and its functionally unsymbolic attributes in a language of reference, are empty, and virtually nonlinguistic, as a letter to the English language.
subject: Arts & Humanities
  topic: section
subject: English Orthography
  topic: keywords
subject: Alphabet
  topic: keywords
subject: Letter X
  topic: keywords
subject: Functional Redundancy
  topic: keywords
subject: Graphemics
  topic: keywords
subject: Phonology
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Faisal Muzaffar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Faisal Muzaffar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-27
publication date: 2026-01-27
doi: 10.71146/kjmr820

IN SILICO IDENTIFICATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL INHIBITORS TARGETING MMP-9 AND IL-18 IN TAKAYASU ARTERITIS
type: item
description: Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is an autoimmune, inflammatory-driven, enduring, large-vessel vasculitis characterized by structural vascular stenosis and aneurysm formation. The major mediators of extracellular matrix breakdown and inflammatory signalling are matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and interleukin-18 (IL-18); there is a lack of systematic assessment of phytochemicals as dual inhibitors of these factors. The aim of the study was to discover phytochemical inhibitors with a dual potential of MMP-9 and IL-18, with strong binding capacity and pharmacokinetic viability to be used as a prospective therapeutic agent in TAK. A total of sixteen bioactive phytochemicals were obtained from PubChem and evaluated in silico. High-resolution crystal structures of MMP-9 (PDB: 1L6J) and IL-18 (PDB: 2VXT) were used in molecular docking. Docking identified seven top-ranking compounds, demonstrating consistently high binding affinities across both targets, stabilized through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and π-stacking within structurally relevant pockets. SwissADME profiling has shown favourable pharmacokinetics of conformity to Lipinski Rule of Five and high gastrointestinal absorption and appropriate bioavailability, which favour their drug-likeness. The occupancy of ligands in the functional binding cavities was confirmed by CASTp analysis. These results suggest that quercetin and luteolin might be considered as possible dual-target drugs, capable of curing inflammatory signalling and extra-cellular matrix remodelling during TAK. Future research can confirm the efficacy, pharmacodynamics, and safety of these phytochemicals in vitro and in vivo and develop them as potential therapeutics.
subject: Health Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Takayasu arteritis
  topic: keywords
subject: MMP-9
  topic: keywords
subject: IL-18
  topic: keywords
subject: phytochemicals
  topic: keywords
subject: quercetin
  topic: keywords
subject: luteolin
  topic: keywords
subject: molecular docking
  topic: keywords
subject: ADME profiling
  topic: keywords
creator: Mehwish Majeed
creator: Alina Sehar
creator: Rabia Sajid
creator: Muhammad Zurgham Akram
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mehwish Majeed, Alina Sehar, Rabia Sajid, Muhammad Zurgham Akram (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
starting page: 28
ending page: 47
doi: 10.71146/kjmr819

DYNAMIC SUPER FRAME ADJUSTMENT FOR DELAY MITIGATION IN IEEE 802.15.4 CLUSTER-TREE WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
type: item
description: The standard IEEE 802.15.4 is the most popular standard covering the use of Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs), which is mostly aimed at helping to deliver low data rates, low power Utilization, and affordable communication. Despite these, the standard has a fixed duty-cycle scheme that can cause latency and low throughput, especially in cluster-tree and multi-hop network architectures. To overcome these constraints, a dynamic delay-mitigation algorithm is proposed in this paper to adaptively adjust the super frame structure. The suggested method allows the PAN coordinator to make a Super frame Order (SO) of cluster heads dynamically, depending on the real-time network parameters such as the ratio of packet reception, traffic load, data rate, number of active nodes, and delay observed. Much simulation evidence indicates that the proposed scheme leads to significantly better network performance than the standard IEEE 802.15.4 protocol in terms of end-to-end interruption, packet delivery ratio, and throughput.
subject: Engineering and Technology
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Wireless Sensor Networks
  topic: keywords
subject: IEEE 802.15.4
  topic: keywords
subject: Cluster Tree Topology
  topic: keywords
subject: Super frame Order
  topic: keywords
subject: Duty Cycle
  topic: keywords
subject: Delay Mitigation
  topic: keywords
creator: Salman Ali khan
creator: Aqib Mehmood
creator: Attiq Ullah
creator: Muhammad Ghaos Baksh UVES
creator: Hamail Raza Zaidi
creator: Aziz khan
creator: Mubashir Zainoor
creator: Waqas Ahmad
creator: Muhammad Adil
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Salman Ali khan, Aqib Mehmood, Attiq Ullah, Muhammad Ghaos Baksh UVES, Hamail Raza Zaidi, Aziz khan, Mubashir Zainoor, Waqas Ahmad, Muhammad Adil (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
starting page: 111
ending page: 124
doi: 10.71146/kjmr817

RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN POTABLE WATER OF COASTAL AREA OF TALUKA JATI, SINDH, PAKISTAN
type: item
description: This study evaluates the level in mg/L and health risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water across several sampling sites from coastal area of Taluka Jati (JT-50 to JT-84). The ranges of Heavy metals were observed as Cd (0.001 - 0.012), Cr (0.03 - 0.06), Cu (0.01 - 0.05), Co (0.03 - 0.18), Mn (0.00 - 0.50), Fe (0.09 - 0.26), Ni (0.01 - 0.04), Zn (0.01 - 0.05), Na (118.0 - 279.0), Ca (23.2 - 97.1), Mg (23.67 - 81.67) and K (1.53 - 6.43) mg/L. The assessment also focused on the Average Daily Dose (ADD), Hazard Quotient (HQ), Hazard Index (HI), and Total Cancer Risk (TCR) for metals including Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Cobalt (Co), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), and Zinc (Zn). The results indicated that the cumulative non-carcinogenic risk, represented by the Hazard Index (HI), exceeded the safety threshold of 1.0 at multiple locations, with the highest values observed at sites JT-76 (1.260) and JT-59 (1.240). Furthermore, the Total Cancer Risk (TCR) for almost all sites fell within the range of 10-4 to 10-3, which exceeds the USEPA's generally acceptable risk limit of 1×10-4. Chromium and Nickel were identified as the primary contributors to both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks. These findings suggest that the drinking water in the studied areas poses a significant health threat to the local population, necessitating immediate environmental intervention and water quality management.
subject: Natural Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Heavy Metals
  topic: keywords
subject: Taluka Jati
  topic: keywords
subject: Hazard Index (HI)
  topic: keywords
subject: Total Cancer Risk (TCR)
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Abdul Raheem Shar
creator: Prof. Dr. Ghulam Qadir Shar
creator: Rabia Parveen Memon
creator: Ammat - ur - Rehman Soomro
creator: Dr. Liaquat Ali Shar
creator: Seema Sarwar Ghumro
creator: Farzana Mangrio
creator: Sahib Ghanghro
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Abdul Raheem Shar, Prof. Dr. Ghulam Qadir Shar, Rabia Parveen Memon, Ammat - ur - Rehman Soomro, Dr. Liaquat Ali Shar, Seema Sarwar Ghumro, Farzana Mangrio, Sahib Ghanghro (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
starting page: 44
ending page: 64
doi: 10.71146/kjmr816

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEMS ACROSS DATASET FAMILIES
type: item
description: The available surveys in the field of intrusion detection are generally not comprehensive with some of the recent developments either underrepresented or even not mentioned. A major weakness of the previous studies is that the publications contain weaknesses like old sources, inadequate graphics, insufficient area of application, and lack of recommendations that can be applied by researchers and practitioners. Our approach to reviewing the literature is novel as it has a dataset-focused viewpoint, where we analyze in a systematic way the progress of benchmark datasets, starting with DARPA98 (approximately 90 percent accuracy using statistical anomaly detection) and KDD'99 (91-92 percent accuracy using SVMs and Neural Networks) and progressing to NSL-KDD (93-95 percent accuracy with Deep Belief Networks and LSTMs) and CICIDS2017 (94-95.1 percent accuracy using Random We also expand our discussion to newly created datasets of IoT of the Bot-IoT which present deep learning methods with more than 96 accuracy with reduced attack diversity. In contrast to previous surveys, our review does not just report on such performance benchmarks, but also critically assesses the merits and limitations of each dataset, realistic trade-offs, presents bias and fairness considerations, and comments on cross-domain generalizability across dataset families. This review will fill the gap between historical and modern research on IDS by synthesizing the results of both studies and providing a more practical and broad-based resource to junior researchers and practitioners by including findings based on accuracy and statistical analysis, informative plots, and recommendations that are easy to implement.
subject: Engineering and Technology
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)
  topic: keywords
subject: Network Security
  topic: keywords
subject: Benchmark Datasets
  topic: keywords
subject: DARPA98
  topic: keywords
subject: KDD’99
  topic: keywords
subject: NSL-KDD
  topic: keywords
subject: CICIDS2017
  topic: keywords
subject: CICIDS2018
  topic: keywords
subject: Bot-IoT
  topic: keywords
subject: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)
  topic: keywords
subject: Deep Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Cross-Domain Generalization
  topic: keywords
subject: Accuracy Evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Rizwan Hameed
creator: Shanza Latif
creator: Abdul Wassay
creator: Faisal Rehman
creator: Khurram Amin
creator: Ali Danyal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rizwan Hameed, Shanza Latif, Abdul Wassay, Faisal Rehman, Khurram Amin, Ali Danyal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-23
publication date: 2026-01-23
starting page: 79
ending page: 92
doi: 10.71146/kjmr814

AUTOMATED CORN LEAF DISEASE DETECTION USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS
type: item
description: The detection of plant diseases is essential for ensuring sustainable crop production and preventing yield losses. In recent years, gadgets gaining knowledge of strategies have shown amazing promise for automatic and accurate disorder detection. These studies give a technique for corn plant disease detection using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The proposed method harnesses the strength of deep mastering to routinely learn discriminative functions from corn plant snapshots, enabling accurate sickness categories. A complete dataset of categorized corn plant photos, protecting diverse diseases and wholesome conditions, is used for schooling the CNN version. Sizeable experiments reveal the effectiveness of the CNN-primarily based technique, accomplishing high accuracy costs in identifying corn plant illnesses. The proposed technique holds extensive capability for supporting farmers. Within the early detection and analysis of corn plant diseases, aiding in powerful disease control and advanced crop yield.
subject: Engineering and Technology
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Corn Plant Disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Diagnosis
  topic: keywords
subject: CNN
  topic: keywords
subject: healthy and unhealthy
  topic: keywords
creator: Faria Naz
creator: Saira Aslam
creator: Ahmer Hassan
creator: Arhama Ansari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Faria Naz, Saira Aslam, Ahmer Hassan, Arhama Ansari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-23
publication date: 2026-01-23
starting page: 72
ending page: 78
doi: 10.71146/kjmr813

ASSOCIATION OF PES PLANUS WITH GENU VALGUM IN THE ADULT POPULATION OF KARACHI
type: item
description: Background: Pes planus (flat foot) along with genu valgum (knock knees) represent frequent musculoskeletal deformities that may greatly affect lower limb mechanics as well as general quality of life. These conditions are researched on occasions in some pediatric populations. Few details are known about their relation with young adults. To make decent management systems, you have to understand how the link is made. Objective: To determine the association of pes planus with genu valgum in adult population of Karachi. Methodology: This current study is a cross-sectional one with 207 participants aged 18-26 at Bahria University Health Sciences Campus, Jinnah Sindh Medical University and Ziauddin University. The wet footprint test was used to widely categorize the foot arch type and the Q angle at the knee joint was likewise measured using a goniometer. Statistical analysis was then fully done in order to fully compare pes planus with genu valgum by using chi square test. Results: The research showed for a clear link between flat feet and into knock knees. Notably, full correlation of 81.8% was observed in patients through right foot pes planus who had unilateral as well as bilateral genu valgum; for cases through bilateral pes planus 63.6% (p = 0.029 and p = 0.047 respectively). Conclusion: These results suggest a link between flat feet and knock knees in young adults, implying that pes planus can worsen knee alignment problems. These results underscore the importance of early identification. They also underscore the importance of intervention for people susceptible to developing these conditions.Targeted strategies, like orthotic control along with physical therapy, might improve results as well as increase general lower limb health.
subject: Health Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Pes planus
  topic: keywords
subject: genu valgum
  topic: keywords
subject: young adults
  topic: keywords
subject: lower limb mechanics
  topic: keywords
subject: musculoskeletal deformities
  topic: keywords
subject: correlation study
  topic: keywords
creator: Komal Jamil
creator: Muhammad Abdullah Siddiqui
creator: Mubashir Hanif
creator: Mubarra Jabeen
creator: Misbah Shaikh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Komal Jamil, Muhammad Abdullah Siddiqui, Mubashir Hanif, Mubarra Jabeen, Misbah Shaikh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-23
publication date: 2026-01-23
starting page: 19
ending page: 27
doi: 10.71146/kjmr812

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A HIGH-EFFICIENCY ELECTRIC SCOOTER FOR URBAN MOBILITY
type: item
description: Electric vehicles, especially electric scooters, are increasingly being adopted in cities as people look for cleaner and more efficient transportation options. This paper focuses on the design and development of an electric scooter that provides a useful, economical and sustainable solution for daily urban travelling. The design process started with an analysis of user needs and market trends, followed by a review of the latest advancements in areas such as motor efficiency, battery performance and lightweight structural materials. Based on this study, a detailed design specification was prepared, addressing important factors like top speed, travel distance, cost and also safety. While during the development phase several prototype models were built and tested to analyze performance and reliability. With the helped of these tests the design of electrical scooters was improved and ensure compliance with safety and regulatory standards. The final design combines key parts such as a brushless DC motor, a regenerative braking system, and a high-capacity lithium-ion battery pack. Extra features, like energy monitoring and smart connectivity were also included to make it easier for users. Sustainability remained a major focus in the paper with efforts made to minimize energy-efficient components and environmental impact by using recyclable materials. overall the designed electric scooter introduces a durable alternative to usual petrol diesel based vehicles for nearby travel distance
subject: Engineering and Technology
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Electric scooter
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable transportation
  topic: keywords
subject: Design and development
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban commuting
  topic: keywords
subject: Battery technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Lightweight materials
  topic: keywords
creator: Muiz Asghar
creator: Amna Hafeez rajput
creator: Shoukat Ali Noonari
creator: Sagheer Ahmed lund
creator: Aziz ur Rahman
creator: Faiza Anam
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muiz Asghar, Amna Hafeez, Shoukat Ali Noonari, Sagheer Ahmed, Aziz ur Rehman, Faiza Anam (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-23
publication date: 2025-01-23
starting page: 60
ending page: 71
doi: 10.71146/kjmr811

NOVEL APPROACH FOR FAULT DIAGNOSIS OF HIGH-SPEED TRAIN BEARINGS USING TRANSFORMER MODELS OPTIMIZED BY AQUILA OPTIMIZER AND LIGHT GRADIENT BOOSTING MACHINE
type: item
description: High-speed train bearing fault diagnosis is crucial for rail system safety and reliability. Traditional methods like vibration analysis often suffer from low accuracy and long processing times. This paper introduces an advanced diagnostic approach using Improved Aquila Optimizer (IAO) and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (Light GBM) combined with Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) technology. The Aquila Optimizer was enhanced with opposition-based learning and Nelder-Mead search methods to optimize Light-GBM parameters. Various detailed bearing fault types, including Inner and outer race scratch and wear, roller ring failures, cage and compound faults, were analyzed. LIF technology captured spectral images, and multivariate scattering correction (MSC) and normalization prepared the fluorescence curves. Kernel-based principal component analysis (KPCA) reduced data dimensionality, which was then used to train the Light-GBM model. The IAO optimized the model, demonstrating superior convergence and prediction accuracy compared to particle swarm optimization and the original Aquila Optimizer. The MSC-IAO-Light GBM model achieved the best fault prediction results, with an MSE of 7.0521 × 10-9, a MAE of 5.451 × 10-2, and R² approaching 1. This method offers a novel approach for high-speed train bearing fault detection, enhancing rail system stability and safety.
subject: Engineering and Technology
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Degradation
  topic: keywords
subject: Bearing
  topic: keywords
subject: Fault Classification
  topic: keywords
subject: Light Gradient Boosting Machine
  topic: keywords
subject: Machine learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Aquila Optimizer
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Ali Nawaz Sanjrani
creator: Asad Raza
creator: Nouman Qadeer Soomro
creator: Zahid
creator: Attaullah Narejo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Ali Nawaz Sanjrani, Asad Raza, Nouman Qadeer Soomro, Zahid, Attaullah Narejo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
starting page: 93
ending page: 110
doi: 10.71146/kjmr810

GENETIC VARIATION IN INNATE IMMUNE GENES SHAPES GUT MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION AND HOST-MICROBE INTERACTIONS: A REVIEW
type: item
description: The gut microbiota is a critical determinant of host immune, metabolic, and epithelial homeostasis, yet the host genetic factors governing inter-individual variation in microbial composition remain incompletely defined. Beyond environmental influences, genetic variation in innate immune pathways has emerged as a key regulator of host-microbiome interactions. Variants in pattern recognition receptors, inflammasome components, antimicrobial peptide genes, and immune-regulatory cytokines modulate microbial sensing, antimicrobial defense, inflammatory tone, and barrier integrity, thereby exerting selective pressures on gut microbial communities. This review systematically synthesizes evidence from human genome-microbiome association studies, twin cohorts, population-based analyses, and mechanistic experimental models to delineate how genetic variation in innate immune genes shapes gut microbiota composition and function. We focus on major innate pathways, including Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, inflammasomes, defensins, and cytokine signaling networks, and summarize their documented effects on microbial diversity, taxonomic structure, and disease-associated dysbiosis. Key methodological challenges such as small genetic effect sizes, environmental confounding, population specificity, and limited causal inference are critically evaluated. Finally, we outline future directions emphasizing longitudinal study designs, multi-omics integration, functional validation, and genotype-stratified interventions. Elucidating innate immune genetic control of the gut microbiota will be essential for advancing precision microbiome medicine and for developing targeted therapeutic strategies for inflammatory, metabolic, and immune-mediated diseases.
subject: Natural Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Gut microbiota
  topic: keywords
subject: Innate immunity
  topic: keywords
subject: Host genetics
  topic: keywords
subject: Pattern recognition receptors
  topic: keywords
subject: Dysbiosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Genome-microbiome interactions
  topic: keywords
creator: Mehwish Majeed
creator: Rabia Sajid
creator: Alina Sehar
creator: Muhammad Zurgham Akram
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mehwish Majeed, Rabia Sajid, Alina Sehar, Muhammad Zurgham Akram (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-22
publication date: 2026-01-22
starting page: 24
ending page: 43
doi: 10.71146/kjmr809

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL THIAZOLE-SUBSTITUTED COUMARIN DERIVATIVES: EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES
type: item
description: Novel thiazole-substituted coumarin derivatives (C₁₇H₁₁N₁O₃S) were successfully synthesized via a two-step procedure involving Pechmann condensation followed by thiazole ring formation. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TGA analyses. FTIR spectra indicated characteristic functional groups of the coumarin and thiazole moieties, while XRD patterns revealed a semi-crystalline nature. SEM images showed irregular aggregated particles with heterogeneous surface morphology, and TGA demonstrated good thermal stability with major decomposition between 250–400 °C. The derivatives exhibited significant biological activity, displaying concentration-dependent antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS assays, with IC₅₀ values comparable to ascorbic acid. Additionally, the compounds showed promising anticancer potential against MCF-7, A549, and HeLa cell lines, with IC₅₀ values as low as 18.5 µM. The combined structural, physicochemical, and biological data suggest that these coumarin–thiazole hybrids are potent multifunctional candidates with potential applications as antioxidant and anticancer agents. The results indicated that the synthesized thiazole-substituted coumarin derivatives exhibited significant antioxidant and promising anticancer activities, suggesting their potential as lead compounds for pharmaceutical development.
subject: Natural Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Coumarin derivatives
  topic: keywords
subject: Thiazole-substituted coumarins
  topic: keywords
subject: Antioxidant activity
  topic: keywords
subject: Anticancer activity
  topic: keywords
subject: SEM
  topic: keywords
subject: FTIR
  topic: keywords
subject: XRD
  topic: keywords
subject: TGA
  topic: keywords
subject: Structure activity relationship
  topic: keywords
creator: Khitab Ur Rahman
creator: Atif Ahmad
creator: Anam
creator: Sakina
creator: Waqar Ahmad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Khitab Ur Rahman, Atif Ahmad, Anam, Sakina, Waqar Ahmad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-22
publication date: 2026-01-22
starting page: 1
ending page: 19
doi: 10.71146/kjmr808

ADVANCING SOFTWARE ENGINEERING THROUGH SCENARIO-BASED REQUIREMENTS VALIDATION: A METRICS-DRIVEN APPROACH
type: item
description: The total and the full traceability of the Software Requirements Specifications (SRS) has been an old issue in the field of software engineering and may lead to project postponement, cost escalation and system failure. Manual validation is less labour intensive, less consistent in projects, and more likely to contain errors compared to traditional validation techniques. The research is carried out in a formal metrics based framework of scenario based requirements validation which is supposed to provide a rigorous, reproducible and automated method of determining the quality of SRS. Six new quantitative measures in the form of Requirements-Scenarios Traceability Index (RSTI), Unlinked Requirements Percentage (URP), Scenario coverage Ratio (SCR), Scenario Completeness Score(SCS), Scenario similarity Index (SSI) and Scenario-Requirements Ratio (SRR) are proposed to quantitatively measure completeness and traceability. The similarity analysis of semantics and the hybrid validation systems are included in the framework too to ensure that coverage is maximized. The empirical results of 547 pairs of requirement-scenario, five industrial domains showed that there were significant enhancements and are the 96.7 percent accuracy of validation, the 84 percent less processing time and the 85 percent less validation cost. Stakeholder feedback also supported high usability and intent to adopt by supporting the claim that the effect would enable the possibility of the framework to convert requirements validation into an automated, scalable and reliable engineering process that previously represented a manual engineering process and was liable to error. The metrics-based solution resolves the possibility to contribute to the research community of software engineering and requirements engineering by the research article that is a contribution to the researcher community, which can be utilized to bridge the gap between the academic creativity and the practice in the industry.
subject: Engineering and Technology
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Traceability metrics
  topic: keywords
subject: Scenario Based validation
  topic: keywords
subject: Completeness Assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Automated validation
  topic: keywords
subject: Semantic similarity
  topic: keywords
subject: Hybrid validation
  topic: keywords
subject: Coverage analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Requirement scenario linkage
  topic: keywords
creator: Shafiq-Ur-Rehman Massan
creator: Muhammad Saleh Shah
creator: Maheen Danish
creator: Rabia Ali Khan
creator: Ayesha Khalid
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Shafiq-Ur-Rehman Massan, Muhammad Saleh Shah, Maheen Danish, Rabia Ali Khan, Ayesha Khalid (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-22
publication date: 2026-01-22
starting page: 37
ending page: 59
doi: 10.71146/kjmr807

EFFECTIVENESS OF ILIOTIBIAL BAND STRETCHING VERSUS MYOFASCIAL RELEASE TECHNIQUE ON KNEE PAIN, PHYSICAL FUNCTION, AND QUALITY OF MOVEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH LATERAL PATELLAR TRACKING DISORDER
type: item
description: Background: Lateral Patellar Tracking Disorder (LPTD) is one of the common biomechanical problems of the knee joint. However, there is still a scarcity of evidence regarding the effects of physiotherapy therefore this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Iliotibial Band (ITB) Stretching versus ITB Myofascial Release Technique (MFRT) on knee pain, physical function and quality of movement in patients with LPTD. Methodology: A two-arm, parallel group design, Randomized Controlled Trial was conducted on patients suffering from LPTD. Patients aged between 25-55 years and radiograph findings with lateral tracking of patella were enrolled. A sample size of 40 participants who met eligibility criteria were assigned into Group A= ITB Stretching (n=20) and Group B=ITB MFRT (n=20) using simple random sampling. Treatment protocol was followed as one session per day for 2 weeks. Data was collected using valid tools i.e., Numeric Pain Rating Scale was used to assess Knee pain, Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index was used to measure physical function and Lateral Step-Down Test for Quality of Movement. Data was analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 23.0. Paired sample t-test was run for within-group analysis and independent sample t-test was used for between-groups analysis. P-value <0.05 were considered as significant at 95% CI. Results: The pre-post analysis of both the groups showed statistically significant reduction in knee pain, improvement in physical function, and quality of movement at p-value <0.01. The mean post-post score of pain, physical function and quality of movement of Group A was 2.2, 25.3 and 1.2 respectively and whereas for Group B was 2.4, 25.3 and 24.1 respectively, showed no statistically significant difference between studied groups at p-value p>0.05. Conclusion: ITB Stretching and MFRT both are effective treatment strategies in reducing knee pain, improving physical function, and quality of movement in patients with LPTD.
subject: Health Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: lateral tracking of patella
  topic: keywords
subject: knee pain
  topic: keywords
subject: Iliotibial Band tightness
  topic: keywords
subject: myofascial release
  topic: keywords
subject: stretching exercises
  topic: keywords
creator: Basma Gul
creator: Hajra Ameer Shaikh
creator: Muhammad Amir
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Basma Gul, Hajra Ameer Shaikh, Muhammad Amir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-22
publication date: 2026-01-22
starting page: 10
ending page: 18
doi: 10.71146/kjmr806

ADVANCED HYBRID ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS INTEGRATING BATTERIES, SUPERCAPACITORS, AND PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE POWER CONVERSION AND EFFICIENCY OPTIMIZATION
type: item
description: The global transition toward sustainable energy demands efficient and reliable power conversion systems. Conventional energy storage technologies struggle to meet dynamic load requirements and intermittency issues associated with renewable sources. This study proposes an advanced hybrid energy storage system that integrates batteries, supercapacitors, and photovoltaic devices into a unified architecture. The objective is to enhance energy efficiency, system stability, and power delivery performance. Photovoltaic devices serve as the primary renewable energy source. However, their output fluctuates due to environmental conditions. Batteries provide high energy density and ensure long-term energy availability. Supercapacitors complement batteries by offering high power density and rapid charge–discharge capability. The coordinated integration of these components creates a balanced system that addresses both energy and power demands. A novel energy management strategy is introduced to control power flow among the subsystems. The strategy prioritizes photovoltaic utilization while minimizing battery stress. Supercapacitors handle transient loads and peak power demands. This approach reduces energy losses and extends battery lifespan. System efficiency is further improved through optimized power conversion techniques. Simulation-based analysis demonstrates improved voltage stability, faster dynamic response, and reduced conversion losses compared to conventional single-storage systems. The hybrid configuration shows superior adaptability under varying load and irradiation conditions. Results confirm that the proposed system achieves higher efficiency and operational reliability. The findings highlight the potential of hybrid energy storage systems for sustainable power applications. Such systems are suitable for smart grids, electric vehicles, and standalone renewable installations.
subject: Engineering and Technology
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Hybrid energy storage
  topic: keywords
subject: Photovoltaic integration
  topic: keywords
subject: supercapacitors
  topic: keywords
subject: Battery management
  topic: keywords
subject: Energy efficiency optimization
  topic: keywords
creator: Sohaib Khan
creator: Sidra Parveen
creator: Muhammad Azam Shani
creator: Amama Sattar
creator: Shaheen Irfan
creator: Muhammad Arslan Haider Shah
creator: Javed Karim
creator: Iftekhar Majeed
creator: Muhammad Deebaj
creator: Muhammad Hassan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sohaib Khan, Sidra Parveen, Muhammad Azam Shani, Amama Sattar, Shaheen Irfan, Muhammad Arslan Haider Shah, Javed Karim, Iftekhar Majeed, Muhammad Deebaj (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-04
publication date: 2026-01-04
starting page: 1
ending page: 36
doi: 10.71146/kjmr805

UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF JOB CRAFTING: INSIGHTS FROM HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
type: item
description: The purpose of this study was to determine and unleash the potential of job crafting. The study required consideration of elements such as work-life balance, job autonomy, or work flourishing that may impact the balance between professional and personal life. Consequently, the following areas were investigated: areas of job crafting, the work that respondents have done and would like to do, and their involvement in job crafting. Two aspects of job crafting were the focus of the study: changing job activities by employees to increase structural job resources, decrease limiting job demands, increase social job resources, and increase challenging job demands. In addition to a thorough literature study, the research comprised a survey, questionnaires, conversations, and an examination of working circumstances. The 210 employees’ valid responses were examined. Using PLS-SEM, we evaluate the suggested theoretical model. It was found that workers in established companies could recognize opportunities for job crafting.
subject: Business and Management
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Higher Education Institutions
  topic: keywords
subject: Work life Balance
  topic: keywords
subject: Job Autonomy
  topic: keywords
subject: Work Flourishing
  topic: keywords
subject: Job Crafting
  topic: keywords
creator: Zunaira Najam
creator: Muhammad Rafiq
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Zunaira Najam, Muhammad Rafiq (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-14
publication date: 2026-01-14
starting page: 1
ending page: 22
doi: 10.71146/kjmr803

BEYOND GRADES: THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON ACADEMIC WRITING AND STUDENT ENGAGEMENT IN UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES AT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN BAHAWALPUR
type: item
description: The rapid proliferation of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has fundamentally altered the landscape of English Language Teaching (ELT) and academic writing in higher education. This study investigates the impact of AI tools on the academic writing practices and student engagement of undergraduate students at Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Bahawalpur, South Punjab, Pakistan. Moving beyond grades, the research explores how these technologies influence critical thinking, learner autonomy, and the writing process itself. Grounded in Sociocultural Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the study adopted a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. Quantitative data were collected through a survey of 350 undergraduate students from The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB) and Government Sadiq College Women University (GSCWU), followed by semi-structured interviews with 15 students and 5 faculty members. Findings indicate that while AI tools significantly enhance writing self-efficacy and linguistic accuracy, they present a paradox for engagement. They facilitate micro-scaffolding of language skills but pose risks of cognitive disengagement and over-reliance. The study concludes with pedagogical implications for integrating AI into the Pakistani undergraduate curriculum to foster ethical, autonomous, and critical writing practices.
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Academic Writing
  topic: keywords
subject: Student Engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: Higher Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Bahawalpur
  topic: keywords
subject: Applied Linguistics
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Aslam Khan
creator: Tanveer Ahmed
creator: Azuba Afzal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Aslam Khan, Tanveer Ahmed, Azuba Afzal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-09
publication date: 2026-01-09
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.71146/kjmr802

SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION IN RELATION TO THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND ENVOIRONMENT
type: item
description: Air pollution has emerged as a critical global threat to public health and the environment. Major pollutants like PM2.5, O3, NO2, and SO2 contribute to respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases, affecting over 92% of the world’s population. Children are especially vulnerable, with pollution linked to increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Anthropogenic activities such as vehicle emissions, power plants, and industrial processes are the major sources of air pollution, releasing harmful pollutants that impact human health and the environment. Both indoor and outdoor pollution contribute to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, especially among vulnerable populations like children and workers. Long-term exposure to fine particles significantly increases the risk of chronic respiratory diseases like COPD and cardiovascular conditions such as ischemic heart disease. Air pollution causes climate change, acid rain, ecosystem degradation, ozone depletion, and biodiversity loss by damaging air, water, soil, and living organisms. These impacts threaten ecosystem services and global environmental health, necessitating urgent pollution control measures. Maximizing success in addressing atmospheric change and environmental degradation requires increasing public awareness, training, and engagement. A global preventative program and sustainable development strategies are essential to counteract anthropogenic air pollution and manage its health impacts. International cooperation in policy, administration, monitoring, and research is crucial, alongside advancing and synchronizing air pollution laws. Focusing on local frameworks to promote knowledge and practice can support the creation of effective global regulations for sustainable ecosystem management.
subject: Health Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Environmental health
  topic: keywords
subject: Gas emission
  topic: keywords
subject: Toxicity
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Air pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: Public health
  topic: keywords
creator: Kainat Safdar
creator: Maria Abdullah Butt
creator: Nimra Batool
creator: Sumaira Kanwal
creator: Iram Batool
creator: Kashmala Yousaf
creator: Maria Anwar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kainat Safdar, Maria Abdullah Butt, Nimra Batool, Sumaira Kanwal, Iram Batool, Kashmala Yousaf, Maria Anwar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 62
ending page: 92
doi: 10.71146/kjmr793

POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (PUFAS) AND DEPRESSION IN ADOLESCENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN SOKOTO, NIGERIA
type: item
description: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the relationship between polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake and depression among adolescents attending Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Kware, Sokoto, Nigeria. Sixty participants were randomly selected and their dietary habits were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Depression scores were evaluated using a standardized tool. Results showed that participants had low levels of PUFAs, and the common diets include palm oil being the lowest (1.65 ± 0.71%) content of PUFAs and coconut having the highest concentration (22.3 ± 8.6%). The prevalence of depression was high among participants, and it was linked to lower levels of PUFAs. The study suggests that poor dietary habits, particularly low intake of PUFAs, may contribute to depression among adolescents in Sokoto, Nigeria. This signifies the need for health education, counseling, and awareness regarding healthy dietary habits especially in adolescents.
subject: Health Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
  topic: keywords
subject: adolescents
  topic: keywords
subject: Sokoto
  topic: keywords
subject: depression
  topic: keywords
subject: palm oil
  topic: keywords
subject: Kware
  topic: keywords
creator: A.I. Umar
creator: U. Abdussalam
creator: Yusuf Yahaya Miya
creator: Bello Buhari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 A.I. Umar, U. Abdussalam, Yusuf Yahaya Miya, Bello Buhari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-04
publication date: 2026-01-04
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.71146/kjmr800

AN AHP-BASED MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION-SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SUSTAINABLE CIVIL ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS: DEVELOPMENT AND CASE STUDIES
type: item
description: Decision-making in civil engineering often requires the careful evaluation of multiple, frequently conflicting criteria, encompassing technical performance, cost efficiency, and sustainability considerations. Conventional approaches relying on intuition or single-factor analysis are increasingly insufficient for addressing such multifaceted challenges. This study introduces an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based multi-criteria decision-support system (DSS) designed to facilitate systematic, transparent, and sustainability-focused decision-making in civil engineering contexts. The research focuses on the creation of a user-friendly, Excel-based platform that allows practitioners to implement AHP without extensive computational expertise. The DSS enables the definition of criteria and choice, execution of pairwise comparisons, consistency assessment, and final ranking through weighted aggregation. Its effectiveness is demonstrated through two real-world case studies involving sustainable concrete material selection: recycled aggregate concrete and waste tyre rubber–modified concrete. These applications integrate technical, environmental, and economic factors to identify optimal choice within a sustainability-oriented framework. Findings indicate that the proposed DSS supports objective, structured evaluation, reduces computational effort, and enhances decision transparency. The study emphasizes the significance of applied practice DDS in promoting environmentally responsible practices, offering a versatile solution for researchers, engineers, and students seeking informed, sustainable infrastructure decisions.
subject: Engineering and Technology
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Multi-Criteria Decision Making
  topic: keywords
subject: Analytic Hierarchy Process
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Civil Engineering
  topic: keywords
subject: Decision Support Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Construction Materials Selection
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Talha
creator: Mudasir Bashir
creator: Muhammad Shameer Faisal
creator: Abdul Saboor
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Talha, Mudasir Bashir, Muhammad Shameer Faisal, Abdul Saboor (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 121
ending page: 150
doi: 10.71146/kjmr792

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A FRIEND OR THREAT TO RADIOGRAPHERS?
type: item
subject: Book Chapter
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
creator: Sadia Azam
creator: Prof. Dr. Syed Asadullah
creator: Waqas Ahmad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sadia Azam, Prof. Dr. Syed Asadullah, Waqas Ahmad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 18
ending page: 20
doi: 10.71146/kjmr791

INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF FOLIAR BORON AND FARMYARD MANURE ON GROWTH, YIELD, AND OIL CONTENT OF SUNFLOWER.
type: item
description: There was a field trial. In the fall of 2023, a study was carried out at Sindh Agriculture University Tando jam Research Area of the Students' Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy. The purpose of the experiment was to investigate how boron administration affected sunflower plant growth, yield, and oil content. The methodology used in the experiment was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with each treatment being replicated three times. Sunflower seeds were sown using a dibbler on ridges spaced 75 cm apart. The variety HO-1 was treated with different farmyard manure and boron foliar applications levels: T1 = 00% B + Farmyard Manure (Control), T2 = 0.5% B + Farmyard Manure @ 5 ton, T3 = 0.1% B + Farmyard Manure @ 5 ton, T4 = 0.2% B + Farmyard Manure @ 5 ton, T5 = 0.4% B + Farmyard Manure @ 5 ton. Experiment analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows significant difference (P<0.05) for all growth, yield and oil content characteristics due to treatments. Maximum plant population (m-2) (9.1), plant height (cm) (236.0 ), stem girth (cm) (10.8), head diameter (cm) (45.3), seeds head-1 (1797.3), seed weight head-1 (g) (58.6), seed index (g) (32.6), Seed yield (2183.3 kg ha-1 ) oil content of 40.00% were recorded on T5 = 0.4% B + Farmyard Manure @ 5 ton. Similarly, T4 = 0.2% B + Farmyard Manure @ 5 ton with high plant population (m-2) (8.2), plant height (cm) (231.0), stem girth (cm) (10.5), head diameter (cm) (43.3), seeds head-1 (1561.3), seed weight head-1 (g) (46.7), seed index (g) (30.0), Seed yield (1950.0 kg ha-1), oil content of 39.1%. However minimum results were observed in T1 = 00% B + Farmyard Manure (Control) high plant population (m-2) (5.8), plant height (cm) (188.3), stem girth (cm) (9.0), diameter (cm) (24.3), seeds head-1 (1139.3), seed weight head-1 (g) of (24.1), seed index (g) (21.0), Seed yield (1458.3 kg ha-1 ) the lowest mean oil content 36.2%. After going through the findings of the present research, it was concluded that the growth and yield of…
subject: Natural Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Crop yield
  topic: keywords
subject: Growth
  topic: keywords
subject: Boron fertilizers
  topic: keywords
subject: Sunflower
  topic: keywords
creator: Danish Manzoor
creator: Urooj Rehmani
creator: Asif Ali Kaleri
creator: Saddam Hussain Mirbahar
creator: Zaheer Ud Din
creator: Bakhat Ali Hakro
creator: Parvaiz Ali Kaloi
creator: Mohammad Arsal
creator: Abdullah Arain
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Danish Manzoor, Urooj Rehmani, Asif Ali Kaleri, Saddam Hussain Mirbahar, Zaheer Ud Din, Bakhat Ali Hakro, Parvaiz Ali Kaloi, Mohammad Arsal, Abdullah Arain (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 48
ending page: 60
doi: 10.71146/kjmr790

Hope vs. Defiance: A Comparative Corpus Analysis of Emotional Lexis in MLK’s I Have a Dream and Churchill’s We Shall Fight on the Beaches
type: item
description: Political speeches function not only as instruments of persuasion but also as powerful emotional artifacts that mobilize collective consciousness during moments of crisis and transformation. This study undertakes a comparative corpus-based analysis of emotional lexis in two iconic political speeches: Martin Luther King’s The American Dream and Winston Churchill’s We Shall Fight on the Beaches. Drawing on corpus linguistics and emotion-oriented discourse analysis, the research investigates how hope and defiance are linguistically constructed, foregrounded, and strategically deployed in American civil rights rhetoric and British wartime discourse respectively. Using a small, specialized corpus, the analysis employs Voyant Tools, AntConc, and Text Inspector to examine lexical frequency, keyword salience, collocation patterns, sentiment polarity, semantic fields, and evaluative language. The findings are expected to reveal significant contrasts in emotional framing: King’s discourse privileging optimism, moral aspiration, and collective uplift, while Churchill’s rhetoric emphasizes resistance, resolve, and national endurance. By integrating quantitative corpus techniques with qualitative interpretation, the study demonstrates how emotional lexis operates as an ideological and rhetorical resource in political leadership across cultures. The research contributes to corpus-assisted political discourse analysis, offering insights into the emotional mechanics of persuasion in canonical political texts
subject: Arts & Humanities
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Political Discourse
  topic: keywords
subject: Corpus Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Martin Luthar King (MLK)
  topic: keywords
subject: Winston Churchill
  topic: keywords
creator: Azmat Batool
creator: Dr. M. Faisal Hanif
creator: Yasmin Saleh
creator: Mussarat Qamar
creator: Faiza Altaf
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Azmat Batool, Dr. M. Faisal Hanif, Mussarat Qamar, Faiza Altaf (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 23
doi: 10.71146/kjmr789

Managing User Stress Associated with Social Networking Location Disclosure: A Proposed Framework.
type: item
description: Social media has become the most important part of the modern society. A number of social sites have been developed which allow sharing posts, status and locations etc. thereby providing an easy access for users to see other people’s activities such as what location they are at and what they are doing. This activity engages people in social comparison in which the people compare their lives with others on the basis of information (status, location, etc.) posted by them on the social media sites. This often leads to making people think about their life as less idealized/privileged, thereby causing stress. Our study suggests that among others, one of the triggers of stress is fake location sharing by the users. So our research has proposed Framework for stress management which address issue of fake location and also allow user to share real location.it also provide about contents along with other associated information based on real user location. Usability study of framework has also been conducted.
subject: Engineering and Technology
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Social Networking Sites
  topic: keywords
subject: Location Based Social Networking
  topic: keywords
subject: Facebook
  topic: keywords
subject: Global Positioning System
  topic: keywords
creator: Sumaira Memon
creator: KamranTaj Pathan
creator: Sorath Mahar
creator: Rafique Ahmed Vighio
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sumaira Memon, KamranTaj Pathan, Sorath Mahar, Rafique Ahmed Vighio (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 107
ending page: 120
doi: 10.71146/kjmr788

COMPREHENSIVE DETECTION OF MULTI-TYPE WRIST FRACTURES USING IMPROVED YOLOv8 MODEL
type: item
description: Bone fractures, particularly those affecting the wrists, shoulders, and arms, are common and significantly impact patient care. This study investigates the utility of YOLOv8, a deep learning model, in detecting ulna and radius fractures which are the crucial components of wrist injuries. Through collaboration with phys- iotherapists and comprehensive data collection, an annotated dataset is curated for precise wrist fracture localization. Advanced data augmentation techniques are used including Mosaic, Mix-up, and copy paste, to enhance dataset diver- sity and model robustness. Along with baseline YOLOv8 and iYOLOv8 + GC which currently reports high precision (97.2%), we also consider the most opti- mized variant. We also focus on the baseline YOLOv8 results relative to this newer version to demonstrate the focus on high precision vs the balance within recall, F1 score, and precision. The model excelled in detecting various wrist fracture types, advancing fracture detection in medical practice. The improved evaluation metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, highlighted the robustness of the YOLOv8 model in identifying ulna and radius fractures. YOLOv8 achieved high scores with accuracy and precision score of 0.87 each recall 0.88, and F1-score 0.86, which indicates its proficiency in accurate fracture detection. The comparative analysis has highlighted the balanced performance of YOLOv8, as the best models like iYOLOv8 + GC also record higher values of accuracy (up to 97.2) whereas our strategy is robust in various measures. These findings highlight YOLOv8 as a promising diagnostic tool for expedited diagnosis and improved patient care in wrist injury management.
subject: Engineering and Technology
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Wrist injuries; ulna and radius fractures; YOLOv8; deep learning; fracture detection
  topic: keywords
creator: Hina Mohsin
creator: Ghazanfar Ali
creator: Imsal Shabbir Mirza
creator: Iqra Hameed
creator: Tuba Younas
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hina Mohsin, Ghazanfar Ali, Imsal Shabbir Mirza, Iqra Hameed , Tuba Younas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 74
ending page: 106
doi: 10.71146/kjmr787

ESTIMATION OF GENETIC VARIABILITY OF SEED TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT
type: item
description: Significant genetic variability was observed among the 42 wheat genotypes for seed length and seed width, indicating the presence of substantial exploitable diversity for grain quality improvement. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among genotypes for both traits. Seed length ranged from 6.445 to 8.388 mm with a mean value of 7.188 mm. Genotype PYT-2516 recorded the maximum seed length (8.388 mm), followed by PYT-2515 and PYT-2501, whereas the check cultivar NIA-Zarkhaiz exhibited the minimum seed length (6.445 mm). Most advanced lines showed superior grain length compared to the check cultivar, and several genotypes surpassed the commercial check IV-3, highlighting their breeding potential. Frequency distribution indicated that the majority of genotypes were clustered within the 6.89–7.34 mm range, while PYT-2516 formed a distinct class with the longest grains. Similarly, grain width showed significant variation among genotypes, ranging from 2.985 to 3.900 mm with an overall mean of 3.49 mm. The genotype PYT-2530 exhibited the maximum grain width (3.900 mm), followed by PYT-2506 (3.700 mm), whereas PYT-2515 recorded the narrowest grains (2.985 mm). Most genotypes were concentrated within the 3.585–3.785 mm class, while PYT-2530 represented the boldest grain class. The wide variation in both grain length and width suggests strong genetic control and provides valuable opportunities for selection and hybridization aimed at improving grain size, grain weight, and overall wheat productivity.
subject: Natural Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Bread Wheat
  topic: keywords
subject: Estimation
  topic: keywords
subject: Genetic Variability
  topic: keywords
subject: Seed Traits
  topic: keywords
creator: Ali Abbas Kaleri
creator: Parvaiz ali kaloi
creator: Asad Ali korai
creator: Saddam Hussain Mirbahar
creator: Shahzad Ali Majeedano
creator: Abdul Qayoom Majeedano
creator: Murk Keerio
creator: Shagufta Baladi
creator: Tameer Hyder Shah
creator: Sarang Ali Bhand
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ali Abbas Kaleri, Parvaiz ali kaloi, Asad Ali korai, Saddam Hussain Mirbahar, Shahzad Ali Majeedano, Abdul Qayoom Majeedano, Murk Keerio, Shagufta Baladi, Tameer Hyder Shah, Sarang Ali Bhand (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-28
publication date: 2025-12-28
starting page: 37
ending page: 48
doi: 10.71146/kjmr785

INVESTIGATING CIRCULAR ECONOMY BARRIERS IN NOWSHERA’S MARBLE FACTORIES
type: item
description: The marble industry in District Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, plays a vital role in Pakistan’s economy but remains heavily dependent on a linear production model, resulting in excessive waste generation, high energy consumption, and environmental degradation. This study investigates the barriers to adopting circular economy (CE) practices in the marble sector, focusing on Shaidu, Jehangira, and Khairabad. A quantitative research design was employed, incorporating two structured surveys: one targeting CE experts and professionals (n = 64) and another engaging marble factory managers (n = 10). Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, weighted averages, cross-tabulations, and correlation analysis to capture both systemic and operational perspectives. Findings reveal that weak regulatory enforcement, high electricity costs, lack of financial incentives, minimal awareness, and inadequate technological infrastructure are the principal barriers to CE adoption. Notably, 90% of factory managers had no prior awareness of CE, yet all expressed willingness to adopt sustainable practices when informed. The study concludes that integrated policy reforms, financial support, awareness campaigns, and technological investments are essential for transitioning Pakistan’s marble industry toward circular models aligned with sustainable development goals.
subject: Natural Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Circular economy
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Marble industry
  topic: keywords
subject: Waste management
  topic: keywords
subject: technology
  topic: keywords
subject: awareness
  topic: keywords
creator: Hani Alam
creator: Hafiz Muhammad Usman Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hani Alam, Hafiz Muhammad Usman Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 61
ending page: 87
doi: 10.71146/kjmr784

COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF TURBULENT FLOW PHENOMENA IN BAFFLED RECTANGULAR CHANNELS: SINGLE VS. DOUBLE STEP CONFIGURATIONS
type: item
description: The present work shows computational analysis of fluid flow through a rectangular channel modified by single as well as double baffle steps utilizing the finite element method (FEM) within the COMSOL Multi-physics background. The study focuses on the complex relationship of boundary layer separation, vortex generation, and flow phenomena governed by the incompressible Navier-Stokes and continuity equations. To achieve a numerical solution, these second-order governing equations were converted into a first-order system by introducing vorticity as an additional unknown. Discretization was performed using the Galerkin finite element method coupled with a least squares residual approach to manage non-linearity and higher-order terms, while the Newton-Raphson method was utilized for final calculations. Steady-state simulations conducted across a Reynolds number (Re) range of 1 to 500 reveal that vortex formation is strongly dependent on fluid inertia. Results indicate that while no vortices appear at Re = 1, distinct primary and secondary vortices begin to form in the corners of the step baffles by Re = 50. As Re increases to 200, these vortices merge, and by Re = 500, the consolidated secondary vortex expands significantly to fill the entire channel domain. Comparative analysis between single- and double-baffle configurations shows that increasing the number of baffles facilitates more energetic and sustained vortex growth, with the double-step geometry reaching a maximum vortex length of approximately 0.20 compared to 0.06 in the single-step design at Re = 500. The numerical results demonstrate strong agreement with established literature, confirming the accuracy of the proposed computational approach for investigating flow efficiency and energy dissipation in baffled channels.
subject: Natural Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Baffle steps
  topic: keywords
subject: Rectangular channel flow
  topic: keywords
subject: Finite element method (FEM)
  topic: keywords
subject: Vortex formation
  topic: keywords
subject: Reynolds number
  topic: keywords
subject: Fluid dynamics
  topic: keywords
creator: Akhalque Ahmed Abbasi
creator: Murtaza Hussain Shar
creator: Mazhar Ali Sahito
creator: Dr. Abdul Raheem Shar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Akhalque Ahmed Abbasi, Murtaza Hussain Shar, Mazhar Ali Sahito, Dr. Abdul Raheem Shar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-26
publication date: 2025-12-26
starting page: 16
ending page: 36
doi: 10.71146/kjmr783

ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF CORAL REEF DEGRADATION
type: item
description: The coral reefs represent some of the planet's most significant ecological systems for marine biodiversity, along with environmental benefits. Still, they are rapidly vanishing due to a combination of various environmental and human-caused stressors. Global climatic changes, predation, coral diseases, sedimentation, marine development, and unsustainable fishing activities are major causes of reef degradation. Furthermore, declining water quality caused by eutrophication, plastic debris, and chemical pollutants, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, UV filters, and hydrocarbons, worsens the situation by harming coral health and reproduction. The review examines the ecological and socioeconomic consequences of reef decline, including reduced ecosystem services, loss of marine habitats, declining fish populations, and diminished coastal protection and tourism revenue, particularly in regions that rely on reefs for their livelihoods. Several active restoration methods have been examined, including coral gardening, larval propagation, substrate stabilization, micro-algal removal, micro-fragmentation, artificial reefs, and coral transplantation, alongside passive approaches like establishing marine reserves and predator exclusion, highlighting the urgent need for comprehensive and multifaceted strategies. The paper offers several recommendations, including improving monitoring tools, expanding restoration efforts, enhancing stakeholder collaboration, and developing legislation to safeguard reefs for future generations. Through both national and global initiatives, it remains possible to prevent further deterioration and conserve the vital services they provide.
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: Reef degradation
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate change
  topic: keywords
subject: Chemical pollutants
  topic: keywords
subject: Coral reproduction
  topic: keywords
subject: Ecosystem services
  topic: keywords
subject: Restoration methods
  topic: keywords
subject: larval propagation
  topic: keywords
subject: micro-algal removal
  topic: keywords
subject: artificial reefs
  topic: keywords
subject: marine reserves
  topic: keywords
creator: Maria Imran
creator: Maria Abdullah Butt
creator: Iram Batool
creator: Sumaira Kanwal
creator: Hassan Zeb
creator: Asma Majeed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Maria Imran, Maria Abdullah Butt, Iram Batool, Sumaira Kanwal, Hassan Zeb, Asma Majeed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-26
publication date: 2025-12-26
starting page: 1
ending page: 42
doi: 10.71146/kjmr782

MENTAL WELLNESS IN THE POST-COVID ERA: CHALLENGES FACED BY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN KARACHI
type: item
description: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected mental wellness worldwide, with university students representing a particularly vulnerable population. In Karachi, Pakistan’s largest metropolitan city, students experienced abrupt academic disruptions, prolonged social isolation, and uncertainty regarding health and career prospects. This review aims to synthesize available literature on mental wellness challenges faced by university students in Karachi following the COVID-19 pandemic. Peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025 were reviewed to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and related psychosocial issues. Findings indicate a substantial rise in psychological distress among students, particularly females and those enrolled in medical and health sciences programs. Academic stress associated with online learning, fear of infection, reduced social interaction, and financial instability emerged as major contributing factors. The review highlights the persistent impact of the pandemic on student mental health and underscores the urgent need for institutional mental health services, preventive strategies, and policy-level interventions to promote student well-being in post-pandemic academic settings
subject: Health Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: category
subject: mental wellness
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: university students
  topic: keywords
subject: Karachi
  topic: keywords
subject: anxiety
  topic: keywords
subject: depression
  topic: keywords
creator: Sarah Jameel Khan
creator: Hasan Tahir
creator: Abeer Jameel Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sarah Jameel Khan, Hasan Tahir, Abeer Jameel Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-26
publication date: 2025-12-26
starting page: 56
ending page: 61
doi: 10.71146/kjmr781